Mao is revealed as lying or twisting the facts regarding Lin Piao's death in a plane crash in Outer Mongolia last September 13.
The former "defense minister," who was Mao's handpicked successor, supposedly was trying to flee to the Soviet Union after a coup against Mao failed.
But the document indicates that from mid-August to September 12 of 1971 Mao was touring the mainland to tell Communist Party leaders why he had to get rid of Lin Piao.
Intelligence sources said that any Lin Piao coup attempt must have been defensive and an effort to get Mao before Mao got him. Mao may have been leading Lin into a baited trap.
The document, "Chung Fa (1972) No. 12 (Central Distribution)," indicates that the struggle between Mao and Lin had been under way for some time.
An open break occurred at the second plenary session of the ninth congress of the Chinese Communist Party at Lushan August 23 to 25, 1970.
In one of the speeches attached to the secret document, Mao said: "At the Lushan conference of 1970, they (Lin and his followers) were conspiring to carry out intrigues and make a surprise attack." He said planning of the attack, which was intended to "establish a new chief of state," was directed by such Politburo and other CCP leaders as Huang Yun-sheng, Wu Fa-hsien, Yeh Chun, Li Tso-rpeng and Chiu Hiu-tso.
All were subsequently purged by Mao. Huang was chief of the general staff, Wu was deputy chief of the general staff and air force commander. Yeh was Lin's wife and head of the Office of the Military Affairs Commission. Li was deputy chief of general staff and first commissar of the navy. Chiu was deputy chief of the general staff and chief of the general logistics department. All of them were Politburo members.
"Somebody is eager to be the president, to divide the party and to seize power," Mao said.
Lin did not consult him before making an anti-Maoist speech at the Lushan meeting, Mao said. When Lin's strategy failed, some of the "defense minister's" supporters attempted to withdraw their speeches from the record of the Lushan proceedings.
"Lin Piao should have taken some responsibility for the power struggle at the Lushan conference," Mao said. But he expressed doubt that Lin Piao would even correct his mistakes and punish those who might later "lead the party to disaster."
"Some (party leaders) may be corrected and saved," Mao said. "When I go back to Peiping, I will talk to them.
"But those who led the way in committing grave errors are not likely to reform." He said that in the party's history, no important dissenters had ever admitted their error in attempting to split the CCP. Mao named Chen Tu-hsiu, Ch'u Ch'iu-pai, Li Li-shan, Wang Ming, Chang Kuo-shou, Kao Kang, Jao Shu-shih, P'eng Te-huai, Huang K'e-ch'eng and Liu Shao-chi as dissidents.
The document makes clear that Mao had resolved as early as August of 1970 that Lin Piao had to be purged.
Mao set forth his strategy in the course of the mainland tour. First, he said, came "throwing the stone." This involved criticism of Chen Po-ta, once Mao's trusted aide, and denigration of Lin Piao supporters in the armed forces.
Second came "adding sand to the soil" by infiltrating members of his own faction into the military council which Lin Piao formerly controlled. Third came "digging under the wall" by reorganizing the Peiping military district to break Lin's power.
Mao denounced Lin Piao's attempt to take over the "people's liberation army." He also criticized the "defense minister" for giving his wife power to make or refuse appointments to see him. Such leaders as Huang Yung-sheng, Wu Fa-hsien, Li Tso-peng and Chiu Hui-tso had to go through Mrs. Lin, Mao said.
In one speech, Mao said the CCP had been split ten times in the last 50 years. "There may be ten, twenty or even thirty schisms yet to come," he said. "Power struggle is inevitable, even under communism."
Strangely, if Mao had been readying a purge of Lin for more than a year, the word either had not percolated down to working levels of the Chinese Communist Party or was still painstakingly concealed as late as October 7, nearly a month after the plane crash in Mongolia.
On October 1, Peiping still referred to Lin Piao as "vice chairman" of the party. On October 7, provincial authorities were continuing to quote "vice chairman Lin's instructions." Either some leaders of the Peiping regime remained in the dark about what had happened or they were afraid of Lin's political apparatus and wanted to pretend everything was all right while they rounded up his followers.
Huang Yung-sheng, the "people's liberation army" chief and Lin Piao's principal supporter, made his last public appearance September 10. Such other Lin Piao aides as Chiu Hui-tso and Yen Chung-chuan were seen later—Chiu on September 24 and Yen on September 28.
On September 11, "New China News Agency" reported the publication of 50 color photos of Mao. More than 10 of these showed Mao with Lin. A paragraph of the report praised Lin as the "most loyal disciple of Mao." This report appeared in Peiping newspapers September 12. In late September, provincial radio stations were still saying that the photographs had been warmly received throughout the mainland.
The October issue of China Pictorial published these pictures of Mao and Lin and was distributed in Hongkong toward the end of October. Chinese Communist newspapers made a big to-do about the pictures. The English edition of Ta Kung Pao published a picture of Mao and Lin on October 28, six weeks after Lin's death.
Apparently Lin Piao did die in the plane crash. The Mongolians said so, and their news agency reported the time as early as the morning of September 13, according to Tass. If one can trust the Mongolian Communists, this much is a certainty. The rest is open to doubt. The free world can be sure only that there was a power struggle and that Lin Piao learned, as Liu Shao-chi had before him, that Mao the total tyrant brooks no opposition to his rule.
The Chinese Communists also find themselves unable to tell the truth about the population of the mainland. Possibly they don't know, but if that is the case, it seems strange they cannot get together on one figure and stick to it.
The most commonly used statistic is 700 million. Last April Chou En-lai said the population was more than 700 million but less than 800 million. He implied that 700 million was closer to reality. Just recently, Peiping has used the figure of 750 million. In official maps published last February, the regime claimed a population of more than 700 million. However, the provincial breakdown of the atlas adds up to only 697,600,000.
The latest figures announced by provincial radio stations and NCNA total 732.42 million, which is slightly less the 738 million estimate of the United Nations last year.
Two points may be involved: (1) Difficulty of an accurate census under the disorganized conditions obtaining in a land where one power struggle succeeds another and (2) disagreements over population policy within the regime. In one and the same breath, the Chinese Communists have boasted of reducing the birth rate and (at the conference of developing countries) recommended a high rate of population growth so as to bury the capitalist countries under the weight of human hordes.
This is the record of Chinese Communist affairs and related events from July 16 through August 15:
JULY 16—Moscow's Pravda accused Chinese Communist "premier" Chou En-lai of promoting an arms buildup and advocating the continued presence of U.S. military forces in Asia.
Gerhard Shoeder, chairman of the foreign policy committee of the West German parliament, arrived in Peiping for a visit at the invitation of the "(Red) Chinese people's institute of foreign affairs."
JULY 17—U.S. News and World Report said Peiping is turning out Mig 19s and 21s copied from Soviet models.
JULY 18—Chou En-lai said talks between Moscow and Washington had marked "a new stage of their arms race."
Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka told the Diet: "The government fully understands the three principles of Chou En-lai and desires to work out a concrete plan for normalization of relations (with Peiping)."
Diplomatic sources in London said Peiping is uneasy about the Soviet Union's power and supposedly expansionist tendencies in the Far East. Peiping's fear was said to be motivated by anxiety that the Soviet Union could become a superpower stronger than the United States. Russia's revived push for a Far Eastern security pact is viewed in Peiping as a calculated move to encircle Red China.
JULY 19—Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka told leaders of two opposition parties "the time is ripe for launching talks on the normalization of Japan-Peiping relations." Japan is pressed, he said, to accept Peiping's three principles for normalization: the government of the "people's republic of China" is the only legitimate government of China; Taiwan is an integral part of (Red) Chinese territory; and the Japan-Taiwan treaty should be abrogated. Tanaka said: "Establishment of relations with Peiping is the common desire of all the Japanese people."
Peiping's "ambassador" to Britain Sung Chih-kuang met with British Foreign Secretary Anthony Royle to arrange for a visit by Chinese Communist "foreign trade minister" Pai Hsiang-kuo.
JULY 20—Prime Minister Tanaka said: "I would like to resolve the Taiwan issue during the course of talks with Peiping. While maintaining a faithful attitude toward the Nationalist Chinese, we hope to arrive at a satisfactory result in our tripartite relations." He said a consensus of the Japanese people and members of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party as well as of opposition parties will be needed for successful normalization of relations with Peiping.
Radio Moscow said Mao Tse-tung's political adventurism had brought destruction to the Chinese mainland.
Indian newspapers reported Peiping had requested use of a naval base and facilities in Sri Lanka during the recent visit of Ceylonese Prime Minister Serimavo Bandaranaike. The high commission of Ceylon denied making any concessions.
The Hongkong Sing Tao Jih Pao quoted a traveler as saying the little "red book" of Mao Tse-tung "quotations" has been denounced on the mainland as the poisonous product of purged "defense minister" Lin Piao.
More than 20,000 refugees, including 60 in a fishing junk which was commandeered in a mass escape, have fled the Chinese mainland to Hong kong to date this year. Most took advantage of warm weather to swim across Deep Bay or Mirs Bay. The exodus is the biggest since 1962.
JULY 21—Sun Chih-kuang, Peiping's "ambassador" to Britain, presented his credentials to Queen Elizabeth.
Kevin Sinclair reported from Hongkong that young Chinese refugees were hiding on hillsides on the mainland side of Mirs Bay waiting for a chance to slip pass the "people's liberation army" sentries and start the swim to Hongkong. He said additional troops were moved in to halt the wave of freedom swimmers.
Travelers from the mainland said thousands of young people had fled communes in the Canton area and were trying to reach Hongkong.
Peiping Review said the reorganization of the PLA was not satisfactory.
Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka said it was "rational" for Japan to accept Chou En-lai's principles for normalization of Tokyo-Peiping relations.
JULY 22—Hongkong sources said Mao Tse-tung has decided to appoint his wife, Chiang Ching, as his political successor.
The Japanese International Trade Promotion Association said trade between Japan and the Chinese mainland will total US$2,100 million this year compared with US$900 million in 1971. Predictions of US$5,500 million for 1977 and US$11,300 million for 1982 were based on assumption of Peiping economic growth of 17 per cent annually and deferred payments.
Japanese Foreign Minister Masayoshi Ohira met with Sun Ping-hua, chief of the "(Red) China friendship association with foreign countries" in Tokyo.
Peiping accused the Soviet Union of seeking hegemony in maritime fishing. A rebuke from the United States charged the Peiping delegates were resorting to polemics.
Seymour Topping wrote in a new book that President Truman declined an invitation to visit Red China in 1949.
JULY 23—Peiping's table tennis team threatened to cancel its tour of Australia following Canberra's refusal to call off the simultaneous tour of a women's basketball team from the Republic of China.
The Yoshida Letter; written by former Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida and promising not to use government funds to finance exports to Peiping, is no longer binding, said Foreign Minister Masayoshi Ohira and former Foreign Minister Takeo Fukuda.
An ad hoc committee for normalizing Tokyo-Peiping relations was established in the foreign ministry under Hoishiro Kogawa, former director-general of the Asian affairs bureau.
Five Mexicans arrested for terrorist bombings in Mexico were found to have gone to the Chinese mainland for training in 1969 and 1971.
"New China News Agency" revealed a message from Chou En-lai and "vice president" Tung Pi-wu to Prime Minister Aziz Sidky on Egypt's national day. The message suggested Peiping support for Sadat's ousting of Russian military advisers from Egypt.
JULY 24—People's Daily criticized the Chinese Communist press for verbosity and launched a campaign for simpler writing.
Pentagon sources said gasoline was flowing into North Vietnam through a new pipeline from Pinghsiang in southern China.
Chinese Communist table tennis players continued their Australian tour despite threats to withdraw because of a concurrent tour by a Taiwan basketball team.
Peiping signed a preliminary order for two Franco-British Concorde jet airliners. The price was around US$34.1 million each.
Wes Gallagher of the Associated Press reported from Peiping that the ousting of Russian advisers from Egypt was welcomed by the Chinese Communists. He observed that the dominant mainland vehicle is the bicycle. Peiping has few cars. He said the average wage is about 70 yuan a month (less than US$35). A plant vice president gets about 100 and the lowest worker about 30.
U.S. sources said Peiping was building an arsenal of tactical nuclear weapons and special aircraft designed to deter a Soviet thrust across the border or throw up a nuclear defense if deterrence should fail. Peiping has tested a number of relatively small nuclear weapons ranging from 10 to 30 kilotons each that could be delivered by a tactical fighter-bomber known in the West as the F9, which is produced at the rate of 15 a month. Of the 300 made in the last two years, about 200 have been placed in 10 operational squadrons. Peiping is believed to have deployed 15 to 30 600-mile missiles and 5 to 15 1,500-mile missiles. Its first 4,000 to 6,000-mile intercontinental ballistic missile has apparently not been tested at full range.
JULY 25—Republic of China Ambassador to Japan Peng Meng-chi met with Foreign Minister Masayoshi Ohira and expressed grave concern over the latest developments in Tokyo-Peiping negotiations. Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka said he would give full consideration to the situation of the Republic of China in normalizing relations with Peiping.
JULY 26—Yasuhiro Nakasone, minister of international trade and industry of Japan, said that the Export and Import Bank would be permitted to finance sale of a vinylon plant to Peiping by the Kuraray Company. This indicated nullification of the Yoshida Letter, which bans the use of export-import funds for trade with Peiping.
Mainichi Shimbun said Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka would visit Peiping from September 20 to 25 and meet with Chou En-lai.
Radio Moscow said the Maoists were raising the banner of "Mao thought" in striking at Chinese culture. Moscow said "Mao thought" had failed to cope with problems arising from major social development. "Mao thought is repressive in nature and does not allow dissent and has forced the Chinese mainland into a stage of perpetual chaos," the broadcast said.
Peiping ordered naval vessels in Kwangtung province to stay in port so as to prevent defections. Hongkong sources said the Chinese Communists reduced fuel rations for Kwangtung warships after two attempts at defection. Personnel at Swatow, Changchiang, Haikou and Yulin naval bases were not allowed to carry arms.
JULY 27—Bodies from mainland China are floating into Hongkong waters again. Sixty have been fished out this year by patrols. During the January-June period of last year, only 15 bodies were found. Most of the victims were believed to be freedom seekers trying to swim to Hongkong.
Reports from the mainland said the Red Guards will remain a permanent feature of the youth movement, especially in high schools. Among 1,500 students in a Peiping high school, a third were Red Guard members. Some participated in the "cultural revolution." Approval of male members rests mainly with school "revolutionary councils." The selection is based on loyalty to Mao Tse-tung and activists.
The "Chinese Communist Youth League," which had membership of 25 million before the "cultural revolution," is rebuilding at the provincial level.
Peiping Review published an article "Masses are the Makers of History" which compared Lin Piao, purged Chinese Communist "defense minister," with Robespierre, French revolutionary who later was sent to the guillotine. The article compared Chen Po-ta to Chang Tai-yen, a revolutionary scholar of the Dr. Sun Yat-sen period. Chen Po-ta was private secretary to Mao, a key man in the "cultural revolution" and one of five top ranking members of the party when he was purged two years ago.
JULY 28—Japan's Hankyu Express Company of Osaka has been designated by Peiping as its tourist agency in Japan.
The Toronto Globe's Peiping correspondent reported that Mao Tse-tung had confirmed the death of Lin Piao in an air crash in Mongolia last September.
Hongkong reported that more than 130 ranking Chinese Communist officials had failed to appear at headquarters in Peiping since Lin Piao's death.
JULY 29—The Chinese Communist representative at a UNESCO meeting in Geneva claimed Chinese freedom seekers in Hongkong and Macao and Tibetan refugees in India are not refugees. He said Tibetan refugees in India provided an example of the Indian government's interference in the internal affairs of (Red) China. He said the United Nations had adopted an illegal resolution on the question of refugees in India and Chinese refugees in Hongkong.
Republican House leader Gerald Ford of the United States described the Chinese mainland as a "scary" world. Its 800 million are continuously indoctrinated and laboring in line with the "teachings of Mao Tse-tung." Ford said life on the mainland is hard. In his view, Communism is not the best possible system for the Chinese people. He paid tribute to the successful anti-Communist states such as the Republic of China and Singapore and noted successes of the free Chinese in Hongkong. He said that despite smiling diplomacy, Peiping's goal is still a world revolution, as evidenced by its wooing of third world countries. He said that even in nursery schools, the Chinese Communists preach revolutionary struggles for other countries.
Prof. Johnathan Mirsky, director of the East Asia Center at Dartmouth College, who toured the Chinese mainland in March 1972, reported on many social imperfections, including lack of mobility in managerial posts and the inequality of women. He said: "Although equal pay for equal work is paid lip service, that standard does not often prevail. Chinese women perform physically demanding tasks but the wages of women are always below their male counterparts."
JULY 30—Hongkong sources reported that Huang Yung-sheng, Chinese Communist "chief of general staff;" Wu Fa-hsien, "chief of air force;" and Li Tso-peng, "navy political commissar," are under detention awaiting trial. The three joined with Lin Piao in plotting to overthrow Mao Tse-tung.
Agreement was reached between the Associated Press and NCNA on exchange of news and photographs.
JULY 31—Mass trials were held in Hoi Fung county, Kwangtung over a period of two weeks for 22 young people charged with trying to escape to Hongkong. At least one youth was sentenced to death. Others were given sentences of from 7 to 22 years of labor correction. A youth who stole a watch was given a 10-year sentence. The "Kwangtung provincial revolutionary committee" offered 50 catties of rice or 20 yuan for information leading to the arrest of escapees.
Fortune magazine published an article on the Chinese mainland economic system. It said: "It is clear, however, that most (mainland) Chinese have no alternative but to respond to the constant efforts of arduous labor." The author, Louis Kraar, an associate editor, visited communes, small factories and a large machine plant in Kwangtung province. He said: "Political manipulation to inspire work efforts is a pervasive and insistent aspect of life on the Chinese mainland. Members of the production teams work together in the shop 48 hours a week and spend the compulsory 4½ hours a week studying Mao quotations."
Hongkong Reports said a pamphlet calling for the overthrow of Chou En-lai was circulating on the Chinese mainland. The distributors called themselves the "Burn Chou Protect Chiang Combat group of the Kwangtung provincial committee of the Chinese Communist Party."
The Hongkong Standard said Peiping may soon appoint 73-year-old "marshal" Yeh Chien-ying to replace Lin Piao as "defense minister." Yeh, "vice chairman" of the "central committee's military commission," ranks third behind Mao Tse-tung and Chou En-lai in the Chinese Communist Party "politburo." The paper said Yeh has in fact been chief of the army since Lin Piao's downfall.
Republic of China Foreign Minister Shen Chang-huan told Japanese ambassador Atsushi Uyama that the Republic of China is firmly opposed to Japan's move to normalize relations with Peiping. Foreign Minister Shen said peace and security in Asia can be assured only by the solidarity of South Korea, the Republic of China and Japan.
The number of Chinese freedom seekers reaching Hongkong topped 1,000 in July, a record since 1962. This indicates that refugees actually numbered more than 4,000. Only one in four or more is counted.
The London Sunday Times carried an article by Communist affairs expert Victor Zorza which said Mao Tse-tung was fighting a losing battle against his opponents on the Chinese mainland. Zorza said official confirmation of Lin Piao's death followed a secret leadership meeting in Peiping in which high party and army officials conferred for more than a week without being able to agree on a successor to Lin Piao as "defense minister" or on a successor to the "chief of staff," Huang Yung-sheng, who was purged with Lin.
AUGUST 1—Taipei sources said Lin Piao's downfall had touched off a power struggle on the mainland and paralyzed the Chinese Communist military command system.
Lin Piao attempted to assassinate Mao Tse-tung because he was refused the post of "chief of state" vacated in the purge of Liu Shao-chi. The Japanese Asahi Shimbun reported from Peiping that Lin submitted his demand at the "second plenary session of the ninth central committee" of the Chinese Communist Party August 23 to September 6, 1970, with the support of Chen Po-ta, a purged member of the "standing committee" of the "politburo," and Li Hsueh-seng, "chief of the Hopei provincial revolutionary committee." The paper said the meeting was held to discuss convening of the "fourth national people's congress." It said Lin's plot was secretly informed to Chou En-lai by Lin's daughter September 12, 1971. Mao was removed to safety that evening. The paper said the "national people's congress" would not be held this year because more time was needed to reassign cadres in the struggle against the ultra leftists.
Hsiang Nai-kuang, director of the Chinese Communist Affairs Research Program of the Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of China, said Peiping has no ability to meet a frontal attack and has no power to launch a war of aggression or threaten Taiwan's security. He told a Kuomintang Central Committee meeting that Lin Piao's purge paralyzed the Chinese Communist command system within the PLA.
AUGUST 2—Diplomatic sources in Peiping said Lin Piao was blamed for directing "Red Guards" to burn the building housing the British diplomatic mission in Peiping in August, 1967. Lin was also said to have been behind Yao Teng-shan, former charge d'affaires in Indonesia, who briefly seized control of the "foreign ministry" during the late summer of 1971. Yao reportedly is serving 10 years of hard labor in the countryside.
The Russians expressed concern that the Chinese Communists had attempted to link Lin Piao with the Soviet Union in an effort to further discredit Moscow.
Peiping said it had decided to cosponsor a request by Algeria and 12 other nations to discuss the independence and peaceful reunification of Korea at the 27th session of the U.N. General Assembly this fall.
Radio Moscow said Soviet military experts estimated the Chinese Communists would spend 19 billion to 20 billion yuan (about US$4.5 billion) on the military. The Russian weekly magazine Novoe Vremya said this would be a third of the Chinese Communist budget for 1972.
AUGUST 3—Peiping suddenly refused Hongkong residents entry into Kwangtung. Hundreds of captured freedom seekers were taken north by PLA troops. On the night of August 2,200 young people were seen marching away from the Hongkong border after being captured by PLA troops. The new clampdown was attributed to Ting Cheng, who was appointed "chief of the South China military region." Ting was a supporter of "marshal" Yeh Chien-ying.
An official Japanese document submitted to a vice ministers' meeting said diplomatic relations with the Republic of China would be discontinued as a natural consequence when ties with the Chinese Communists were established. The document said economic relations with the ROC would be continued.
A Hongkong newspaper said midget submarines were being built by freedom seekers along the border of Kwangtung province. Made of light wood and metal, the craft are powered by a small motor. They travel 3 to 4 feet beneath the surface, using bamboo tubes for snorkels. Escapes have been made in such a craft.
AUGUST 4—The Kyodo News Service said a Peiping-Tokyo communique agreeing to establish diplomatic relations would include a declaration ending the state of war. Peiping claims the state of war between China and Japan has not ended. Japan claims the war ended when it signed a peace treaty with the Republic of China.
Red Flag reported factional strife had deepened on the Chinese mainland. The periodical dealing with ideological affairs said party cadres had lost their revolutionary zeal and begun to lead a corrupt life. Cadres were accused of mountain-top / ism, paternalism and schism.
Hongkong sources said ousted Chinese Communist "president" Liu Shao-chi has fled house arrest in Peiping and reached Szechwan province. Last February, a French parliamentary mission was told by Chinese Communist officials that Liu was working in a commune in North China.
Chinese Communists are losing favor in Nepal. Peiping was reported reducing its aid to the Himalayan country.
AUGUST 5—Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka met with former Japanese Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi, who said: "For normalization that discards Taiwan, the majority of our people may be opposed to it."
Hongkong sources quoted Japanese journalists as saying foreign correspondents in Peiping were ignorant about the Chinese Communists. Unfriendly foreign correspondents are not accepted. All correspondents must have a friendly attitude toward the Chinese Communists.
The Republic of China's foreign affairs spokesman, Liu Ho-tu said millions of mainland Chinese have fled to Hongkong, Macao and India. This is one-way traffic, he said, and not the ordinary traffic represented by the Communists.
Speculation that Yeh Chien-ying will succeed Lin Piao as "defense minister" gained confirmation in a message of congratulations sent to him on the 45th anniversary of the PLA by Khieu Sam Phan, "deputy premier" and "defense minister" of the ousted government of Cambodian Prince Norodom Sihanouk.
Drought withered spring crops and food production and caused extensive damage in Kwangtung, Fukien, Yunnan and Shansi provinces.
U.S. Representative O. C. Fisher said Peiping ranks as the world's leading producer and pusher of narcotics. He said Peiping's U.N. membership could not be reconciled with its growing production and export of narcotic drugs.
AUGUST 6—Ku Cheng-kang, honorary chairman of the World Anti-Communist League, said 2,568,000 refugees have fled the Chinese Communists since 1949. He said the refugee count covers Burma, Thailand, Laos, Khmer, Vietnam, Nepal, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Turkey, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the Ryukyus, Japan, Korea, Hongkong, Macao, Taiwan and the free Chinese offshore islands of Kinmen and Matsu.
North Vietnamese are constructing a second pipeline from the Chinese mainland to help supply fuel. A Pentagon report said the line parallels the one already completed and will supply 600 tons of fuel daily.
AUGUST 7—Collective leadership headed by Chou En-lai is expected to take over in Red China after Mao Tse-tung dies. The Soviet style collective leadership may include 73-year-old Yeh Chien-ying, who is expected to succeed Lin Piao as "defense minister."
Izvestia accused Peiping of trying to stir up hatred by publishing a "Peace Atlas" claiming more than 900 square miles of Soviet territory.
The French anti-espionage organization Direction de Surveillance de Territoire said 240 of the 300 Chinese restaurants in France were suspected centers of Communist espionage.
A traveler from the mainland said a purge of Lin Piao supporters gathered strength after the admission of Lin's death. Party members were told of Lin's death last December. Lin was accused of trying to blow up Mao's train.
AUGUST 8—Sueyuki Wakasugi, president of Mitsui Trading Company, announced a policy of making no further investments in Taiwan to enable the 22 companies of the Mitsui group to do business with Peiping. The announcement followed a meeting between Wakasugi and Sun Ping-hua, "deputy secretary-general" of the "(Red) China Japan friendship association."
The Hawker Siddeley Aviation Company announced Peiping orders for two more Trident 2E jets. Peiping previously had ordered six Tridents.
NCNA marked the seventh anniversary of the Communist insurgency movement in Thailand with claims Communist guerrillas have created an increasingly favorable revolutionary situation.
AUGUST 9—Taipei intelligence authorities made public a top secret Chinese Communist document recounting a tour by Mao Tse-tung to explain to party cadres his struggle with "defense minister" Lin Piao. Mao began his trip in mid-August and ended it on September 12, 1971, shortly before the plane crash in which Lin Piao was killed. The document indicated that the battle between Mao and Lin was of long standing but broke into the open only during a sharp confrontation at the "second central plenary session" of the "ninth party congress" August 23-25, 1970. Mao described the proceedings at the Lushan "second plenary conference" in Kiangsi province in 1970 as an ambush sprung by Lin Piao and his faction. He said Lin wanted to become "chief of state."
Retired General Albert Wedemeyer said in New York the Chinese Communists did not play any part in China's war against Japan. Wedemeyer reiterated his respect for President Chiang Kai-shek.
A Wall Street Journal correspondent said Peiping's failure to fill vacant posts reflects inability of old hands to agree on new men. He predicted convening of a "people's congress" soon.
AUGUST 10—Kwangtung Communist authorities mounted a campaign to prevent escapes to Hongkong. The campaign includes several punitive measures.
Chinese Communist "foreign trade minister" Pai Hsiang-kuo said in Lima, Peru, that the death of "defense minister" Lin Piao reflected a struggle between two factions within the Chinese Communist Party.
Chinese Communist "assistant foreign minister" Wang Hui-jung said Lin Piao died in an airplane crash in Mongolia last September while escaping from the mainland after failure of an attempted coup. Miss Wang has been described as a niece of Mao Tse-tung.
NCNA said a new department dealing with American and Pacific affairs was established in the Chinese Communist "foreign ministry." Chen Teh-ho was named "deputy director."
Tsutomu Wada, spokesman for the foreign ministry, said Japan would be forced to give up diplomatic relations with the Republic of China when Peiping is recognized.
Red Flag accused Moscow of instigating anti-Maoist power struggles on the Chinese mainland. It said there had been an outside influence in each of the struggles against Mao Tse-tung. The downfalls of Lin Piao and Liu Shao-chi were described as severe blows to socialist imperialism.
AUGUST 11—Liao Cheng-chih, leader of the "(Red) China-Japan friendship association," told Hisao Kurodan and Shichiro Hozumi, members of the Japanese Socialist Party, that Lin Piao plotted to overthrow Mao Tse-tung. Lin Piao was said to have had close contacts with Soviet Defense Minister Malinovsky.
Foreign Minister Masayoshi Ohira notified the Chinese Communists that Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka wanted to go to Peiping for talks on Japanese normalization of Peiping relations.
The Asahi Shimbun said Japan would clarify the following two points with Peiping: (1) Japan has no territorial ambitions in Taiwan and (2) Japan will not support the "Taiwan independence movement."
AUGUST 12—U.N. Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim said in Peiping that personal contacts with world leaders are ensuring international detente.
Chinese Communists have been using trade in a drive to develop ties with Latin American countries. An eight-man mission headed by "foreign trade minister" Pai Hsiang-kuo went to Santiago to negotiate with Marxist President Allende of Chile. Peiping offered a US$100 million interest-free loan to Chile to buy machinery, rice, tea and maize. Peiping has become the third largest purchaser of Chilean copper after West Germany and Britain.
AUGUST 13—Chou En-lai extended an invitation to Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka to visit Peiping.
Bangladesh charged that Peiping had raised a smoke screen to prevent its admission to the U.N. The Chinese Reds said they would veto Bangladesh in the Security Council.
A Thai government white paper said Peiping has been supporting local insurgents. The paper said Radio Peiping and Voice of the Thai People, a clandestine Thai radio based in Yunnan, had announced establishment of several Communist organizations to direct Communist activities against the Thai government.
AUGUST 14—U.N. Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim met Chou En-lai in Peiping.
Malaysian Prime Minister Tun Abdul Razak said a number of problems would have to be solved before Malaysia could establish relations with Peiping. He said these included anti-Malaysian propaganda by Radio Peiping and the existence of the "Malaysian people's liberation front" on the Chinese mainland. The Communist Party is banned in Malaysia.
Chinese Communist publications gave a redefinition of the role of the "people's liberation army." The PLA was urged to take its place beside the peop1e and to serve them.
Peiping said district officials, high Communist Party officials and teachers are attending May 7 school camps on a rotating basis. Aims of the schools are to re-educate those whose thinking strayed from Mao thought and to re-educate cadres in class struggle. Hard manual labor was said to be the most effective means of re-education.
AUGUST 15—Japanese parliamentarian Hidegi Kawasaki left for Peiping for preliminary talks on normalization of relations with Tokyo.
Republic of China legislator Hu Chiu-yuan said Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka's dispatch of an aide to Peiping was tantamount to nullification of the Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty signed in Taipei in 1952. Hu said this is a step toward restoration of the state of war between Japan and the Republic of China.
Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka met with Sung Ping-hua, "deputy secretary-general" of the "(Red) China-Japan friendship association," to convey acceptance of Chou En-lai's invitation to visit Peiping.