Peiping reveals its intentions both at home and in the U.N.
sent its hatchet men to the United Nations. They wasted no time going to work on the and the . The honeymoon of moderation was over before it began. In his answer to 57 welcoming speeches, "deputy foreign minister" Chiao Kuan-hua demanded that the United States get out of . Huang Hua, who used to scream obscenities at the Americans in peace talks at , attacked the "superpowers" in his maiden address to the Security Council.
Meanwhile, back in Mao land, the denigration of Lin Piao and the followers of the "defense minister" continued. Lin had obviously been purged along with top commanders of the "people's liberation army," the air force and the navy. No one knew who was alive and who was dead. The cult of Mao was being soft-pedaled. "Little red books" of Mao thought naming Lin as his successor and with an introduction by the erstwhile No. 2 Chinese Communist were quietly confiscated.
Mao was busily lining up PLA personnel presumed to be loyal to him and Chou En-lai. Whether the provincial neo-warlords would listen remained to be seen. Many mainland watchers believed the Chinese Communist power struggle would lead to an explosion dwarfing the "great proletarian cultural revolution" which almost destroyed Maoism in the late 1960s.
This is the record of Chinese mainland and peripheral events for the period from October 26 through November 25:
OCTOBER 26 - President Nixon's national security adviser, Henry Kissinger, returned to from his second trip to Peiping, where he spent six days making arrangements for the chief executive's scheduled visit.
The Republic of China broke diplomatic relations with following the latter's recognition of . "took note" of the Chinese Communist claim to . Belgian sources said the Chinese Communists had agreed to release Frans van Roosbroeck, a banker imprisoned by Peiping for 18 years on charges of transferring US$30 million to the , where the funds were frozen.
OCTOBER 27 - Meeting the press, Henry Kissinger said President Nixon would not be seeking an end of the Vietnam war in . He said the Nixon visit to the Chinese mainland was intended to "end isolation" and was not directed at any third country. He said he had no information about the power struggle in which Mao Tse-tung was reported to have purged his successor-designate, "defense minister" Lin Piao.
U.S. Secretary of State Rogers cautioned the Senate against retaliation in connection with the U.N. China representation vote but backed a review of the U.N. financial situation. He said the State Department does not expect any dramatic improvement in relations with Red China.
Tanjug, the Yugoslav news agency, said the Chinese Communist press was no longer giving publicity to Mao Tse-tung. This was said to be in response to a new policy not necessarily reflecting illness or political change.
Premier Alexei Kosygin, speaking in a broadcast interview with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, said wanted a settlement of all differences with .
said it valued friendly relations with the Republic of China and would oppose any attempt of to join the Group of 77 Developing Nations. El 's Foreign Minister Walter Beneke left for a visit to discuss trade but said the diplomatic relationship with the Republic of China would be maintained.
OCTOBER 28 - Albanian Deputy Foreign Minister Reis Malile gave a "victory luncheon" to mark 's admission to the United Nations. President Nixon had criticized U.N. members for undignified conduct in celebrating passage of the Albanian resolution.
OCTOBER 29 - announced it would send a delegation to the United Nations in the "near future." The cable to Secretary-General U Thant was in the name of Chi Peng-fei, "acting foreign minister."
intelligence sources said Red China's top military leaders apparently had been ousted in a power struggle. Those named were Huang Yung-sheng, chief of staff; Wu Fa-hsien, air force commander; and Lee Tso-pang. political commissar of the navy. None of the three had been seen publicly since September 10.
More than 20 organizations concerned with international affairs attended a conference to discuss the future relations of the Chinese and American people. The speakers included Senator Gale McGee of and writer William F. Buckley.
Chinese Communist immigration officers at Lowu on the Hongkong border turned back 172 Chinese visitors in a week. Most of them were overseas Chinese from with valid travel documents.
residents told of an explosion and mass escape at a jail for political prisoners. Most of 1,000 who fled were said to have been recaptured.
Luxembburg said it would recognize .
President Ferdinand Marcos said he would summon the Philippines Foreign Policy Council to discuss "suggestions" about relations with Red China.
OCTOBER 30 - Anti-Communist which recognized earlier this year, said it planned to recognize the Chinese Communists.
Travelers from the mainland said the Chinese Communists were succeeding with their "small family" preaching among younger people but that the older generation still preferred big families.
OCTOBER 31 - Peiping answered a query from U Thant by saying it wished to be listed as ", People's Republic of" in the alphabetical enumeration of U.N. members.
NOVEMBER 1 - Fuji Bank, 's biggest, refused to quit the Japan-South Korea Cooperation Committee at the demand of the Chinese Communists. has been handling the accounts of some companies which trade with the Chinese mainland.
informed visas would not be necessary for members of its delegation to the United Nations. The State Department asked for advance notice of the names and the time and place of expected arrival in the .
NOVEMBER 2 - Hongkong sources said Mao Tse-tung was the target of two assassination attempts in 1970. Both were said to have involved time bombs.
ROC Ambassador to the United States James Shen said had been downgrading the Nixon visit. A circular distributed in factories and schools said Nixon was making the trip to surrender to the Chinese Communist regime.
Chinese Communist publications continued their attacks on the writings of Lin Piao but still without naming him. Lin had not been seen since June 3. His military commanders disappeared after September 10. press and radio stopped mentioning Lin September 15 and provincial mention of him ended October 8. Attacks on his ideas had appeared in People's Daily and Red Flag.
Peiping announced that Chiao Kuan-hua, "deputy foreign minister," would head its delegation to the United Nations and that Huang Hua, "ambassador" to , would be permanent U.N. representative and delegate to the Security Council. Chiao, 63, a journalist member of Mao's "old guard," has been the chief delegate in border negotiations with the Russians. He accompanied Chou En-lai to in 1964. Huang, 58, was a negotiator in the Korean War peace talks with the at .
The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization voted to ask Red China to apply for membership. The Republic of China withdrew from FAO in the early 1950s. The International Red Cross invited Peiping to a conference summoned to revise the war conventions of 1949.
NOVEMBER 3 - Red Flag attacked "reactionary idealist fallacies" advocated by Liu Shao-chi and other "political swindlers" and said an "unprecedented great mass movement" was under way to study materialism and criticize idealism." The article said this would "play a great role in consolidating the dictatorship of the proletariat."
Travelers from the Chinese mainland told of a propaganda campaign to identify the United Nations as a "battlefield and base for revolutionary struggle."
recognized Red China and the Republic of China suspended relations with . The Peiping announcement accepted 's sovereignty over its coastal waters to a distance of 200 miles. "took note" of the Chinese Communist claim to .
White Russian refugees reaching Hongkong said thousands of Chinese Communist troops were massing in Sinkiang along the Hi River border with the U.S.S.R.
NOVEMBER 4 - Chinese Communist troop movements in Sinkiang were reported in Hongkong to have begun in mid-September, just after a meeting of high-level Maoists. The meeting was held on September 11 or 12 and apparently involved the mainland power struggle.
Premier Thanom Kittikachorn said 's policy of no contacts with the Chinese Communists had not changed. Travel and private trade are prohibited.
Ambassador to Washington James Shen said the Republic of China was not thinking of readmission to the United Nations. He said he did not see "any possibility unless the U.N. should retrace its steps and undo some of the things it has done and prove itself faithful to the conditions under which it was founded."
The U.N. military staff committee missed its first weekly meeting in years because the Chinese Communists had not sent a representative.
NOVEMBER 5 - Pakistani government and military leaders headed by former Foreign Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto arrived in on a surprise visit. He was met by "acting foreign minister" Chi Peng-fei and entered upon discussions with Chou En-lai.
NOVEMBER 6 - sources reported the invitation to President Nixon triggered heated disputes among Chinese Communist leaders and cadres. A booklet apparently published by dissident factions within the CCP expressed opposition to Mao Tse-tung and Chou En-lai. "This is nothing but surrender to imperialism and preparation for the revival of capitalism," the booklet said.
Senator Strom Thurmond of said the admission of Red China was likely to bring the United Nations under Communist domination. Representative Robert Price of introduced in the U.S. Congress legislation intended to get the United Nations out of the . He also advocated withdrawal from the organization because of the "despicable and irresponsible sellout" of the Republic of China.
Peiping's "ambassador" to , Liu Sing-chuang, walked out of a Soviet Communist Party rally after Russian charges that was engaged in anti-Soviet activities within the Communist movement.
NOVEMBER 7 - A crowd of about 100 demonstrated outside Parliament House in to protest expulsion of the Republic of China from the United Nations. The demonstration was organized by the Captive Nations Council of New South Wales.
Nippon Yusen Kaish" (NYK) said it would accept Chou En-lai's trade terms and discontinue calls at ports. NYK said it wanted to open regular service to mainland .
NOVEMBER 8 - Peiping reaffirmed support of against . Zulfikar Ali Shulto returned to claiming "complete success" in his visit to .
Ambassador Jame's Shen said in that President Nixon's visit to would shore up a faltering Chinese Communist regime.
Two bills on relations with Red China were introduced in the House of Representatives of the Japanese Diet. That of Prime Minister Sato's Liberal Democratic Party called for recognition of Communist rule on the Chinese mainland but made no mention of the Republic of China. An opposition proposal called for recognition of Peiping as the "sole legitimate representative" of the Chinese people and for nullification of the 1952 peace treaty between and the epublic of .
NOVEMBER 9 - intelligence sources said Lin Piao had been purged but probably was not dead. These sources expressed doubt that Hsu Shih-yu, Nanking military district chief, would become PLA chief of staff to replace Huang Yung-sheng, who supposedly died in the crash of a Chinese Communist air-craft in Outer Mongolia September 3 while trying to flee to .
Diplomats in said that Lin might be dead. Lin was purged, they said, as Mao Tse-tung and Chou En-lai stamped out a military plot to overthrow them.
Marshal Yeh Chien-ying, 73, former chief of staff and vice chairman of the Military Commission, appeared to have moved into fourth place in the Peiping Politburo behind Chiang Ching, the wife of Mao. A "New China News Agency" listing of members of the hierarchy attending a rally to mark the 30th anniversary of the Albanian Communist Party placed Chiang Ching and Yeh after Chou En-lai. The only other Politburo members present were Chang Chun-chiao, Wen-yuan and Li Hsien-nien.
Hongkong reports said Hsu Shih-yu had become chief of staff and might succeed Lin Piao as "defense minister." The new Chinese Communist military leadership was said to include Chou En-lai, Hsu Shih-yu, Hsu Hsiang-chien, Yeh Chien-ying and Chen Yi.
Red Flag accused "ranking leaders" of the CCP of "criminal" plotting within the party. The article demanded that all traces of sectarianism be liquidated because such tendencies "often mask plots to take over political power in opposition to the Communist Party."
A freedom-seeker who swam to freedom from Amoy September 25 said anti-Communist fighting forces in Kiangsi and provinces numbered 400,000. Chen Chao-hsuan, who reached Kinmen, served in the "people's liberation army" from 1963 to 1968.
U.S. State Department sources said Lin Piao was "either physically sick or politically sick,"
Hongkong reports said the Japanese were offering the Chinese Communists US$5,000 million in World War II reparations.
NOVEMBER 10 – An article in the Sun-Times identified Kao Liang, who was in heading 's advance party to the United Nations, as a leading Chinese Communist intelligence agent. He was said to have operated in Asia, Europe and under cover of the "New China News Agency." He was expelled from in 1900 and from in 1964. He was in and Switzetland and reportedly was the prime mover in the pro-Peiping coup of 1964.
The Hotel Roosevelt in said it was preparing 35 rooms for members of the Chinese Communist delegation to the United Nations at a cost of about US$1,225 daily.
Hongkong sources told of a blast which destroyed the Tai Lok Wan military post in . The explosion was connected with the reported attempt of military leaders to depose Mao and Chou En-lai.
Western press reports from said the "little red book" of Mao's thoughts was vanishing from book stalls. This could be connected with the fact that the foreword is in Lin Piao's name.
NOVEMBER 11 - Chiao Kuan-hua, Peiping's "deputy foreign minister," arrived in with a Chinese Communist delegation of 46 to attend the 26th session of the United Nations General Assembly. Also arriving was Huang Hua to represent in the Security Council. Chiao's arrival statement, made in Chinese, referred to friendship between the Chinese and American peoples but made no reference to the government. He was guarded by a security force of 200.
The Republic of China suspended relations with as that country recognized the Chinese Communists. said it had no objection to ROC maintenance of a commercial office.
Hongkong sources said the mainland power struggle would decide the Chinese Communists' future domestic and foreign policies. The struggle was said to be more complex than that of the cultural revolution.
Ambass ad or James Shen said that the people of the Chinese mainland view President Nixon's trip to as an act of surrender. He said overtures to the Chinese Reds were "assuring war and not peace."
Japanese sources said Chou En-lai had rejected Prime Minister Eisaku Sato's plans to send a "Kissinger mission" to to normalize relations. Chou was said to have told Tokyo Governor Minobe Ryokichi and Yokohama Mayor Ichiro Asukata that a letter from Shigeru Hori, secretary-general of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, was "phony'"
NOVEMBER 12 - Hongkong reports said the Chinese Communist military command had learned of a "hit first and talk afterward" Russian plan for destruction of mainland nuclear plants and missile sites. Russians expected the "war" to last 14 days, the reports said.
A refugee reaching Hongkong said Chou En-lai demanded early in 1971 that regional military leaders hand over power to cadres of the Chinese Communist Party. He said chaos would result it they refused to do so.
Chiao Kuan-hua, heading Peiping's U.N. delegation visited the organization's headquarters for the first time and called on General Assembly President Adam Malik of .
reports said Prime Minister Sato and his government were shocked by Chou En-lai's rebuff of normalization overtures. Further efforts to placate the Chinese Communists will be made, the sources said.
NOVEMBER 13 - Lin Piao took his own life after losing out in a power struggle, Hongkong sources said. Chinese Communist cadres were said revealing this to villagers in a series of quiet meetings.
London sources said the Chinese Communists were surveying a harbor site near the Mauritanian capital of Nouakchott, The US$20 million project was expected to require the services of between 3,000 and 4,000 Chinese Communist technicians.
Prime Minister William McMahon said was developing a dialogue with .
President Ferdinand Marcos said the' would honor its commitments to defend against Chinese Communist attack.
NOVEMBER 14 - Five hundred anti-Communist demonstrators marched in front of 's Roosevelt Hotel, where the Peiping U.N. delegation was staying. More than 100 police restrained the crowd for two and a half hours.
announced recognition of the Chinese Communist regime.
said Chou En-lai had cabled expressions of friendship for the Indian peoples. The message was an answer to Indira Gandhi's cable welcoming into the United Nations.
NOVEMBER 15 - Answering 57 welcoming speeches Peiping "deputy foreign minister" Chiao Kuan-hua took the floor in the United Nations General Assembly to demand that the United States get out of Indochina and the Taiwan Straits. He also expressed support of the Palestinian liberation movement against and called for annulment of all U.N. resolutions on (one of which branded as the aggressor there) and termination of the U.N. Commission for the Unification and Rehabilitation of Korea.
The White House denied it was contacting at the United Nations. Press Secretary Ronald Ziegler said the had opened other channels of communication.
Time said Lin Piao had tried to assassinate Mao Tse-tung at least three times in the last 18 months. The story claimed that Lin may have been betrayed by his daughter and died in the crash of a Trident aircraft in . U.S. News and World Report said that Western sources doubted authenticity of the Time story.
Hongkong sources said anti-Communist outbreaks had occurred at , capital of Hupeh, and various places in province.
The U.S. Justice Department said as many as 4,200 aliens from the Chinese mainland sneak into the United Slates annually, some of them bound on espionage missions. Others are involved in the narcotics traffic.
NOVEMBER 16 - U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations George Bush said Red China's inaugural, speech at the international organization was a firing of "empty cannons of rhetoric." He said the intemporate language of the speech contained nothing new.
Secretary of State William Rogers said the would continue to maintain diplomatic relations with the Republic of China and would honor its treaty commitments to defend .
Red China joined 105 other U.N. members in expressing grave concern over a Congressional decision to permit Americans to import Rhodesian chrome in defiance of a Security Council embargo. and opposed the resolution and 13 members abstained.
Hongkong's stock market fell sharply in the wake of Chiao Kuan-hua's U.N. speech castigating "imperialism and colonialism" and pledging to take .
Communists in Hongkong said an announcement of what happened to Lin Piao was expected within a few days.
The 80-nation General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade terminated the Republic of China's status as an observer. Opposing the decision were the , , , , and four African countries. Toh Kuo-chu, the observer, described the decision as "prejudicial, illegal and immoral."
The ROC was ousted from the International Labor Organization in favor of Pcipiflg. The vote was 36 to 3 with 8 abstentions. The ROC delegate walked out. The American worker delegate, Rudolph Faupl, told the meeting that the trade union movement in the would have "serious thoughts" about further support for ILO.
broke diplomatic relations with the Republic of China.
Peiping said President Nixon's announcement of withdrawal of 45,000 American troops from demonstrated that the intended to "persist in and prolong the war."
Hongkong sources claimed Lin Piao was alive and under house arrest in for trying to "impose army law."
NOVEMBER 17 - Moscow Radio said about half of those elected to the Chinese Communist Politburo in 1969 were no longer active politically. The broadcast said Lin Piao, his wife, Yeh Chun, and his top military aides had disappeared.
intelligence sources said that all doubt of Lin Piao's downfall had been removed by Red Flag, which identified the "defense minister" as a "fellow traveler of Liu Shao-chi." Lin was charged with betraying Mao Tse-tung.
NOVEMBER 18 - Free Chinese students in the scheduled an anti-Communist conference for December 25-28. Invitations to join in supporting the Republic of China were sent to Chinese communities throughout the .
and the Republic of China broke off diplomatic relations.
The announced that Red China had set off a nuclear explosion, its first since October 14, 1970. The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission said the test was conducted in the vicinity of Lop Nor and had a yield equivalent to 20,000 tons of TNT, about the same as from the bomb dropped on . It was 's 12th test, 11 of them in the atmosphere.
sources said had failed to reach agreement with on an exchange of ambassadors. The British refused to acknowledge the Chinese Communist claim to .
Hongkong sources said hundreds of entry visas had been denied free Chinese nationals so as not to upset the Chinese Communists. Permits were allegedly denied those traveling as representatives of the Republic of China or .
Foreign Minister Swaran Singh told Parliament and Red China might exchange ambassadors. Envoys were withdrawn after the three-week border war of 1962, although diplomatic relations were never broken.
NOVEMBER 19 - Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn dissolved Parliament and said he and an eight-man National Executive Council would govern as a result of the increasing threat from the Chinese Communists. He said 3 million Chinese in might be influenced by Peiping's entry into the U.N. and align themselves with the Peiping-backed terrorist movement in .
Hongkong sources said Mao Tse-tung had transferred troops and removed generals to prevent a military coup. Chou En-lai told Japanese business leaders that the rapid economic expansion of was dangerous and could lead to the revival of militarism. Chou predicted "tremendous economic progress" on the Chinese mainland in the next 20 years and greatly increased trade with .
protested against Red China's 12th nuclear test. Six jet fighters were sent up to collect radioactive fallout samples.
Paul Cardinal Yupin described loss of the ROC seat at the U.N. as "a blessing in disguise." He said the free world's eyes would be opened to the real intentions of the Chinese Communists. The U.N., he said, had been destroyed as a useful international organ.
The International Civil Aviation Organization accepted the regime and stripped the ROC of membership.
NOVEMBER 20 - sources said life in Red China had been turned upside down for the second time in five years. The struggle for power was bound to affect all of the mainland in time, the sources said, and the results could be more devastating than those of the "cultural revolution."
Hongkong reports said troops in Kwangtung province had been replaced by forces from , presumably because units supported Lin Piao.
Peiping accused of creating the East Pakistan refugee problem by interfering in 's internal affairs.
President Ferdinand Marcos and his foreign policy council discussed Red China for nearly four hours but arrived at no decisions.
NOVEMBER 21 - Chou En-lai told a visiting North Vietnamese mission led by Premier Pham Van Dong that the had to stop its "war aggression" and that Peiping would support "unswervingly.", Pham Van Dong expressed appreciation for the "devoted and, powerful" assistance of . Welcomers of the Hanoi delegation include Chou, Chiang Ching, Marshal Yeh Chien-yin, Shanghai political leaders Chang Chun-chiao and Yao Wen-yuan, and "vice premier" Li Hsien-nien, listed in of precedence.
sources said Peiping was proposing an national conference on Indochina to demand American withdrawal from . The site would be .
NOVEMBER 22 - Hongkong reports told of Chinese Communist purge of supporters of Lin Piao. Two public mass trials of senior PLA commanders were said to have taken place at . The deputy chief of staff, Li Tien-yu, was reported to have been assassinated in September of 1970. Hsieh Fu-chih, "public security minister," was said to have been seriously wounded.
NOVEMBER 23 - Mao Tse-tung turned out meet the North Vietnamese delegation headed by Premier Pham Van Dong. Mao's last previous appearance had been with Haile Selassie of .
said it had sold a record 2.5 million tons wheat to the Chinese Communists this year. A US$170 million wheat contract was to be completed the end of 1971.
An American aviation journal said unmanned flights were continuing over the Chinese mainland.
NOVEMBER 24 - Huang Hua, making Peiping's first speech at the U.N. Security Council, said two "superpowers" (the and U.S.S.R.) were continuing to commit aggression against other countries. won a seat on the Economic and Social Council with 100 of the 128 votes cast.
Clashing with Peiping at the U.N., the Soviet Union claimed that the Chinese Communists and the were attempting to block 's proposal for a world disarmament conference. Chiao Kuan-hua said the "superpowers" had well over a million troops and" thousands of bases abroad and were threatening world peace. He also charged the and U.S.S.R. with seeking nuclear monopoly.
NOVEMBER 25 - Hongkong sources said Mao Tse-tung had placed anti-Lin Piao generals in key positions in and around . Lin was said to have tried to raise up Chen po-ta, formerly Mao's secretary, as successor to Liu Shao-chi as chief-of-state.
Dr. Ha Hsien-wen, a surgeon from Peiping, said in that cancer was the No. 1 killer in mainland with heart disease, including arteriosclerosis, No.2.