Communist "chivalry" in Africa is less commendable in view of the motive behind their moves during the present hostilities between the Africans and the Belgians in the Congo. The first note of their ostensible generosity was struck when Soviet Russia sent 10,000 tons of food to the Congo. Moscow would not vote for Tunisia's draft resolution to send UN forces to the Congo on July 14 until it was assured that the resolution called upon the Government of Belgium to withdraw their troops from the Congo. Nikita Khrushchev denounced the presence of the Belgian troops in the Congo as "imperialist aggression," against which he threatened to take "decisive measures." In another outburst, he warned that Russia would give "extensive economic assistance" to the Congo "if the NATO colonialist Powers continue aggression in the Congo."
This Soviet chivalry is, nevertheless, surpassed by that of the Chinese Communists. In comparison with their "elder brother," the Chinese Reds are more lavish in their praise for the Congolese people and are more violent in their denunciation of "imperialist colonialism." Peiping held numerous mass rallies to "bolster the fighting spirit of the Congolese people." In a lengthy editorial of July 29, the People's Daily charged that the Belgian colonialists were committing an "act of aggression" against the new born Republic. "All the Western countries but the Communist countries," insinuated the paper, "are hostile to the Congolese people." As always, the United States was denounced as the "deadly enemy of the peoples in Africa." The paper warned the Africans of entertaining any "impractical illusion" about the United States. In spite of the Security Council's resolution to call upon the Government of Belgium to withdraw their troops from the territory of the Republic of the Congo, the United Nations was described as the "tool of the United States." "Intervention against the Congolese independence by the imperialist bloc headed by the United States," noted the paper sinisterly, "is practically intervention against all the African peoples."
In another editorial of July 30, the People's Daily brazenly declared: "All the African peoples share the fate of the Congo, and so in the struggle against the imperialists and colonialists, the Congo Republic can count upon the aid of all African peoples. Congolese brothers! Do fight on heroically. Soviet Russia and the People's Republic of China are supporting you!"
These utterances left no room for doubt that the Communists harbored a sinister motive behind their chivalry. What really interests the Communists is neither the peace and independence of the Congo Republic nor the welfare of the Congolese people, but more bloodshed and fighting in the Congo. They want to see a war between the Africans and the West not only within the Congo but also over the whole African Continent.
The Republic of China has long held the view that Western colonialism was the curse of the peoples of Asia and Africa in the past century. However, the tide of Western colonialism has long receded and what President Eisenhower called the "new and deadly colonialism," i. e., the ruthless international Communism, has posed a much greater threat to the freedom and prosperity of the Congolese peoples. The leaders of the Congo Republic should not fail to see that their urgent problem at present is how to achieve the greater economic stability of their country, how to raise the standard of living of their people and how to tide over the transitional period during which a gradual and peaceful transfer of enterprises in every field from the white people to the natives may be effected. Indeed, after the Congolese independence, both the outgoing European Power and the newly independent Republic have much to gain from peace and prosperity. Only the Communists would like to see the continuing turmoil in Africa and to fish in troubled waters. The Congolese leaders understand better than anyone else that their country needs a long period of peace and stability in order to realize their century-long dream of building up a strong and prosperous nation—a nation which is independent not only politically but also economically and culturally as well.
Propaganda, Infiltration And Subversion
In the Communist design against the free world there is only one end. Methods may be many but the end is always the same, namely, domination of the whole world. Propaganda, infiltration and subversion are the three phases of Communist conspiracy used to achieve this purpose.
Among their recent moves against the free world, there is Chou En-lai's proposal for a "peace pact" to establish a "free nuclear zone" among the Asian and Pacific nations including the United States. There is absolutely nothing new in Chou's proposal. As it was, a similar proposal for Eastern Europe was made two years ago by another of Moscow's chosen man, Polish Foreign Minister A. Rapaczki. It need hardly be said that Chou's proposal is aimed at embarrassing the United States. It is nothing but a propaganda stunt.
Second in the Communist trilogy is infiltration. The continuing cultural infiltration of the Chinese Communists in Latin America and Africa is a case in point. A favorite Red tactic of cultural infiltration is to send opera or acrobatic troupes to their target countries. Peiping's opera troupe has visited in 1956 Chile, Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina and this year Venezuela, Columbia and Cuba. For the same purpose, the Chinese Communists' acrobatic troupe paid a visit in 1958-59 to Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Chile. This same acrobatic troupe this year toured the Sudan, Ethiopia, Guinea and Morocco—four countries in North Africa. Latest activity of the Peiping opera troupe is its forthcoming tour of Canada. It is scheduled to be in Vancouver, Canada, from August 10 to 13. After Vancouver the troupe will make an extensive tour of Edmonton, Calgary, Winnipeg, London (Ontario), Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal.
In the past decade the Chinese Communists have done much to eradicate Chinese culture which they consider the root of all Chinese capitalistic evils. The sudden display of their recent interest in introducing Chinese culture is because they knew that only old China's opera and acrobatic skill could appeal to audiences in Latin America. They hope to win the goodwill of the Latin American countries and thus make it easier for them to work on the latter's recognition of the Chinese Communist regime. Should they succeed in their scheme, it would mean the collapse of the Pan-American united front against the Chinese Communists and prove to be an irreparable blow to the prestige of the United States.
Communist infiltration is always a prelude to subversion, the third phase of Communist trilogy. Where they succeed in propaganda, they will follow it up with infiltration; and where they succeed in infiltration, they will follow it up with subversion. The recent visit to Japan of the Chinese Communist labor boss, Liu Ning-yi, serves as a splendid example to show how Communist infiltration paves the way for Communist subversion.
Japan has long been infiltrated by the Chinese Communists. Ostensibly Liu-Ning-yi was there to attend the Sohyo (Federation of Trade Unions) meeting, representing the Communist "All-China Federation of Trade Unions." But actually Liu was sent to plot subversion against the Japanese Government. No sooner had he arrived in Japan than he called for the abolition of the Japan-U.S. Security Treaty and spoke jubilantly of the "brilliant victories" which Sohyo scored over the capitalists. He commended the Sohyo for its success in driving the Kishi government out of office and in forcing the cancellation of President Eisenhower's scheduled visit. If Liu's utterances were studied together with the recent anti-U.S. and anti-government riots in Japan, one could hardly fail to appreciate Liu's real mission.
The Olympic Spirit as We See It
We have often heard of talks about the Olympic spirit. What is the true Olympic spirit? Briefly speaking, it represents international sportsmanship and the spirit of world brotherhood on the part of nations participating in international athletic contests regardless of their political creed. Such contests are held purely for the sake of promoting sportsmanship and are therefore non-political in nature.
However, some top-ranking IOC officials are not satisfied with this interpretation. Their version of the Olympic spirit went so far as to mean the indiscriminate admission of any regime which can exercise control over sports activities in areas under their occupation. They would tolerate any international misconduct of a participating regime and would take no heed of the crimes it has committed against morality or humanity. By their interpretation, the non-political nature of the Olympic Games could be deduced to permit the replacement of a legitimate nation, which is a founding member of the United Nations recognized by the great majority of free nations, by a Communist regime which has never shown its readiness or willingness to observe the rules of international law, has not been admitted to the United Nations and is still condemned as an aggressor by that august body. If such an interpretation of the nature and spirit should stand, the Olympic authorities have certainly injected into the Olympic Games a most dangerous quality which could have completely changed the nature and spirit of the Games.
Unfortunately, the argument used by the Olympic authorities against the Republic of China's right of representation is exactly the same as they used to support the admission of the Chinese Communist regime, namely, that she does not exercise control over the sports activities on the Chinese mainland. According to this argument, the so-called question of the Republic of China's representation and the question of its title to be used during the Games constitute two of the important subjects for debate at the plenary meeting of the International Olympic Committee scheduled in Rome on August 20. Ever since the IOC Munich meeting of May 26, 1959, the Republic of China has been requested to change its name. The IOC claimed that the Committee is free to use the word "Taiwan" or "Formosa" to designate the "Olympic Committee of the Republic of China" during the parade and the contest. Indeed, nothing is more unreasonable than such a ruling by the IOC. As a matter of fact, the Munich resolution is the IOC's political compromise designed to appease the USSR and its satellite states which had jointly threatened to withdraw from the Committee at the Munich conference.
The Republic of China's view on this issue is that since she is recognized as a sovereign state by the great majority of free nations and is a founding member of the United Nations having made considerable contributions and a member in good standing in the specialized agencies of the United Nations, the style of the Olympic Committee of the Republic of China should not be open to question any more than the Olympic Committee of any other countries. We do agree to the IOC's argument that political considerations should not interfere with the Olympic Games. However, we are at a loss to see that as a result of the threat of the Communist bloc, the IOC has to raise in the Munich meeting the question of China's representation and the question of the style of the Olympic Committee of the Republic of China. Such an IOC submission to the Soviet bloc's pressure is itself a subject for political debate which should not happen under normal conditions. The IOC could very well avoid the political talks in the IOC meeting, if it would just simply suggest, as it has been so when the same question confronted some of the UN specialized agencies of a non-political nature, a resolution to the effect that since the discussion of the question of China's representation has been once and again postponed in the United Nations General Assembly, the IOC, being a non-political international organization, deems it untimely to raise any such issue at present and pending its solution in the UN General Assembly, any discussion of the issue should be indefinitely postponed.
Instead of doing so, the IOC has intentionally or unintentionally created a political issue by allowing itself to discuss the question of China's representation which may otherwise be easily shelved within the non-political sanctuary of the IOC. The IOC's mishandling has thus obliterated all the ancient Olympic spirit that is still left in the present Olympic Games.
Moreover, to suggest adding "Taiwan" to the "Olympic Committee of the Republic of China" is equal to modifying the name of a state which has long been internationally recognized. Indeed, the IOC has no reason to make an exception of the Republic of China by insisting that its national name alone has to be modified or even replaced by a geographical name so that the two may coincide. Such a suggestion has ignored the fact that there are territories other than Taiwan under the control of the Republic of China; that not all Chinese athletes come from the island of Taiwan and that Taiwan is indisputably a part of China. In addition, the IOC seems to have forgotten that both the USSR and the Union of Arab Republics are using the names of' the state in the IOC and the IOC has never asked them to use the name of the territory from which their athletes come.
Hence, if the IOC is truly faithful to the non-political tradition of the Olympics and if it genuinely desires no political meddlings, it should have refrained from the discussion of any question in relation to China's representation at the last two IOC plenary meetings in Munich and in Paris. In our opinion, the best way to avoid political complication of the non-political IOC and to preserve its lofty ideals at the IOC plenary meeting in Rome is to follow the example of some non-political UN specialized agencies, namely, to shelve the question of the Republic of China's representation in the IOC in the same way as the ECAFE did. We fervently hope that at the plenary meeting of the IOC in Rome, no discussion of any such questions as China's representation or its title in the IOC should be made pending the solution of the questions in the UN General Assembly.