2024/11/14

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Chronology: Dr. Sun Yat-sen

November 01, 1965
1866 Dr. Sun Yat-sen was born in Tsui-heng (Evergreen) village, Hsiang(renamed Chungshan after one of his adopted names) county, Kwangtung province, November 12.

1872 Began schooling under private tutor.

1878 Completed essential Chinese classics.

1879 Went to Hawaii with his mother to join his eldest brother, Teh-chang, and studied at the Iolani School.

1882 Graduated with honors from Iolani and entered Oahu College.

1883 Returned to his native village; expressed dissatisfaction with Manchu rule.

1884 Studied at Diocesan Home in Hongkong.

1885 Transferred to Queen's College. Baptized and married. Inspired with thoughts of revolution after China's defeat by France.

1886 Worked at Canton Hospital and began agitation against the Manchus.

1887 Attended Hongkong Medical College.

1892  Graduated from Hongkong Medical College. Began practice in Macao.

1893 Practiced in Canton and continued revolutionary activities.

1894  Toured northern China and sent message to Prime Minister Li Hung- chang recommending steps for national salvation. Went to Honolulu and founded the Hsing Chung Hui (Society for Rebuilding China).

1895  Founded the Hsing Chung Hui branch in Hongkong. Failed in the first coup de main of the Revolution at Canton in October. Escaped to Hawaii by way of Japan, where he founded the Yokohama Hsing Chung Hui branch.

1896  Toured the United States and went to London. Kidnapped and detained in the Manchu Legation for two weeks in October before being released upon British intervention arranged by Dr. James Cantlie, his former teacher in Hongkong.

1897 Studied political institutions in Europe and had first thoughts about the San Ming Chu I ideology.

1898 Continued anti-Manchu revolutionary activities from Japan.

1899 Advocated further anti-Manchu uprisings in contacts with mainland secret-societies.

1900 Went to Singapore and Taiwan. From Taiwan, then under Japanese occupation, directed second revolutionary campaign in Huichow, Kwangtung province, timed with the Boxer incident.

1901 Directed revolutionary activities from Japan.

1902 Moved to Hanoi and founded the Hsing Chung Hui branch in Indo-China.

1903 Returned to Japan and later went to Hawaii. Rebuked the theories of the Constitutional Monarchists.

1904 Went to San Francisco, continued debate with the exiled Constitutional Monarchists and raised funds for the Revolution. Revisited England.

1905 Founded revolutionary groups among Chinese students and residents in Brussels, Berlin, and Paris. Organized the Tung Meng Hui (Society of the Common Cause) in Tokyo in August and I was elected president. Proclaimed the San Min Chu I for the first time in statement inaugurating the revolutionary organ Min Pao (National Daily)

1906 Toured Saigon, Singapore, and other cities of Southeast Asia, setting up Tung Meng Hui branches.

1907 Established a headquarters in Hanoi. Directed four successive anti-Manchu campaigns in Huangkang, Huichow, and Chingchow of Kwangtung province and Chennankwan of Yunnan province. The last was under his personal command. Chiang Kai-shek, then a cadet at the Tokyo Military Academy, joined the Tung Meng Hui.

1908 Ordered campaigns in Chingchow of Kwangtung province and Hokou of Yunnan province.

1909 Toured Europe and America again. In November, founded the Tung Meng Hui branch in New York.

1910 Uprising of Manchu New Army failed in Canton. Returned to Japan and met Chiang Kai-shek for the first time. Went to Europe and thence to America.

1911 Tenth uprising took the lives of 72 revolutionary martyrs in Canton March 29. Manchu dynasty overthrown in the Revolution that began October 10 at Wuchang. Called upon to return from the United States to head the revolutionary government.

1912 Inaugurated Provisional President of the Republic of China on New Year's Day. Resigned in mid-February to seek peaceful unification of the country. Tung Meng Hui reorganized into a parliamentary group, the Kuo Ming Tang (Nationalist Party and predecessor of later Kuomintang).

1913 Led Kuo Min Tang forces of five southern provinces in revolt against Yuan Shih-kai, who succeeded Dr. Sun in the presidency and whose agents assassinated Kuo Min Tang parliamentary leader Sung Chiao- jen.

1914 Went to Japan when anti-Yuan campaign failed and reorganized the Kuo Min Tang as the Chung Hua Ke Min Tang (Revolutionary Party of China) to carry on the Revolution. Married Soong Ching-ling in Tokyo.

1915 Directed national movement against Yuan's plan to make himself emperor.

1916 Led revolutionaries in forcing Yuan to abolish the monarchy only 82 days after its proclamation.

1917 Established military government in Canton to oppose the warlords of the North.

1918 Went to Shanghai to direct the revolutionary movement and write his memoirs.

1919 Urged postwar Western aid for Chinese reconstruction in The International Development of China. The Chung Hua Ke Min Tang was reorganized as the Chung Kuo Kuo Ming Tang (abbreviated as the Kuomintang)—the Nationalist Party of China.

1920 Returned to Canton to lead the military government.

1921 Elected Extraordinary President of the Canton government.

1922 Escaped to Shanghai when General Chen Chiung-ming revolted in opposition to his efforts to launch an expedition against northern warlords.

1923 Issued joint statement with Comintern representative Adolf Joffe rejecting Communism for China. Canton retaken. Kuomintang reorganized to include individual Communists.

1924 Founded Whampoa Military Academy and appointed Chiang Kai- shek commandant. Completed lectures on San Min Chu I. Went to Peking late in the year to seek peaceful unification of China and termination of unequal treaties.

1925 Died of cancer in Peking March 12.

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