A cold anger and unwavering determination underlie free China's calm withdrawal from the United Nations
Free was calm but coldly angry at the injustices committed by the 26th General Assembly of the United Nations. Seating of the Chinese Communists was bad enough. The regime of Mao Tse-tung was clearly ineligible for membership under the U.N. Charter. The Assembly also deliberately voided its Charter to waive the two-thirds "important question" requirement and vote for the expulsion of a founding member which was not even charged with an offense.
Delegates of the Republic of China were not present for passage of the Albanian resolution and the sight of neutralists rejoicing at a Communist victory. With the two-thirds rule rejected and outcome of the struggle ordained, Foreign Minister Chow Shu-kai went to the green marble podium of the Assembly chamber and said:
"On behalf of the government of the Republic of China, I wish to make the following solemn declaration. The Republic of China - a participant in the Dumbarton Oaks talks, one of the four sponsoring powers at the San Francisco conference, a charter member of the United Nations, a permanent member of the Security Council - has now decided to withdraw from the organization which it helped to establish.
"To overthrow the rebel Communist regime and restore freedom to the Chinese people is the common objective of all Chinese everywhere. It is also the unshakeable responsibility of the government of the Republic of China. The government of the Republic of China, in order to realize the aspirations of the Chinese people, will struggle on until the Communist regime is overthrown. The admission of the Communist regime to the United Nations will in no way affect the determination of my government to liberate the mainland.
"The Republic of China is fighting for law and justice as it has done so many times before, often without allies and without outside aid. It is our firm conviction that right will eventually triumph over might and justice will sooner or later prevail over injustice." Minister Chow walked down the aisle and out of the chamber, followed by the other four Chinese delegates in single file.
Subsequently, at a press conference, the Foreign Minister said Chinese Communist participation would turn the United Nations into a center for the promotion of war and aggression. With as a permanent member of the Security Council, he said, a murderer is sitting as judge in a criminal court and the U.N. is writing its own order of execution.
He said departure from the U.N. would not weaken the Republic of China's position in the world and that bilateral relations would be maintained with friendly countries.
Although expulsion of the Republic of China violated the Charter flagrantly, he said, there is still hope that the U.N. will one day reform and come to its senses. The ROC did its best in conjunction with the , and other friendly states, he added, to make the United Nations understand what was right and what was wrong.
"Now that the tempest is over," he said, "we see tranquillity ahead and sincerely pray that our like-minded friends in the United Nations will continue the struggle against injustice. I take this opportunity to express the profound gratitude of my government to the friendly delegations which have lent us their unstinted support throughout the years. It is the hope of my government that its relations with friendly governments will further strengthen in the years to come. We shall continue to struggle with like-minded governments for the realization of the ideals upon which the United Nations was founded but which the General Assembly has now betrayed. We are confident that the cause for which we have been fighting for more than a quarter of a century will in the end prevail.
"No one can gainsay that the Republic of China has been a loyal member of the organization. To deny the Republic of China its rightful position in the United Nations is to violate the Charter and negate the noble and sacred principles and purposes upon which the United Nations was founded. Those who advocate the seating of the Communist regime base their argument on what they regard as realism. But the existence of the criminal Communist regime is one thing and the acceptance of that criminal regime as a member of the United Nations is quite another.
"The purpose of the United Nations is to suppress the crime of aggression and not to allow the aggressor to get away with impunity, still less to bow before force and thus forfeit its own raison d'etre." The Communists have murdered more than 50 million innocent people, he continued. Their regime "is a rebel set-up based on force and violence. It has never had the consent of the Chinese people:' He declared the U. N. had become a farce. "In the performance you have just witnessed, some nations behaved as in a circus."' He compared the U.N. to the sports arena of . With the international balance of power precariously balanced at best, the Chinese Communists "will become even more belligerent than before" and this "will be the beginning of a third world war."
At home in , President Chiang Kai-shek addressed a message to all the Chinese people. He said that in withdrawing, the Republic of China agreed that neither the government nor the Chinese people "will ever recognize the validity of an illegal resolution adopted by the current United Nations session in flagrant violation of the provisions of its own Charter."
President Chiang said: "The Mao Tse-tung bandit regime is a group rebelling against the Republic of China. Internally, it has committed enormous crimes against the people of . It is the common enemy of all the Chinese people and especially of our 700 million compatriots on the mainland. Externally, the Mao regime stops at nothing in promoting subversion and committing aggression, and still stands officially condemned by the United Nations as an aggressor. The Chinese Communists may occupy the mainland for the present. But the government of the Republic of China, with its base in Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu is the true representative of the 700 million Chinese on the mainland, expressing their common will, heeding their anguished outcries and inculcating within them a maximum of courage and hope with which to struggle against the violence of the Mao regime and win back their human rights and freedom. It is clear, therefore, that the Chinese Communists should never be permitted illegally to occupy the General Assembly and Security Council seats held by the Republic of China, whether this be judged by the principles of the United Nations Charter or on a basis of humanitarianism, the law of nature or, in particular, the common will of all the Chinese people."
Reviewing the history of ROC participation in establishment and development of the United Nations, President Chiang said the organization had "degraded itself and become a den of iniquity. History will surely show that our announcement of withdrawal ... actually presaged the demise of the United Nations itself."
The Republic of China will "continue to be guided by the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter in the international community" and will "continue to fight courageously for international truth and justice and for world peace and security."' He pledged restoration of the rights and freedom of the 700 million people on the Chinese mainland and said the ROC, "an independent sovereign state, will tolerate no external interference."
's destiny is not up to the United Nations, the President said, but "squarely in our hands." He pointed to the ROC's "sizable population and considerable resources, as expressed in our military strength and economic prowess. These are supported by our spiritual force. We also command the hearts of our 700 million compatriots on the mainland as well as the patriotism of our 18 million anti-Communist compatriots living overseas. The Republic of China is not a weakling of or the world which can arbitrarily be sold out by anyone. We will continue to wield a strong influence in the changing balance of international power and in the determination of human destiny ... As long as we ourselves are courageous and of undaunted spirit, no force in all the world can humiliate us ...
"All of us must recognize that the changes in today's world revolve around the problem and that the manner in which the problem is to be solved will decide the fate of the human race. We therefore find ourselves occupying the most significant key position in this situation of great change. Our success or failure, advance or setback, in the current struggle will decide whether the world is to have security or danger and whether mankind is to know happiness or misfortune. We should not sit calmly and wait for changes in the world situation. We must take the initiative in order to control the changing situation, fight positively and keep ourselves always one step ahead of the enemy,"
President Chiang spoke of increasing resistance by the people of the mainland. Mao thought and the Communist system are bankrupt, he said, and the Republic of China will reinforce its faith, consolidate its strength and intensify its military preparedness so as to grasp "the moment of opportunity."
Obviously upon orders from President Nixon, the American emvoy to the Republic of China, Ambassador Walter P. McConaughy, met with President Chiang. The following statement was subsequently released by the Foreign Ministry and U.S. Embassy in :
"United States Ambassador Walter P. McConaughy called on President Chiang Kai-shek on the afternoon of October 29, 1971, to express the sincere and deep regret of the Government of the over the recent action of the United Nations General Assembly on the question of the representation of the Republic of China. The believes, Ambassador McConaughy stated, that the action of the General Assembly was 'a serious mistake, neither just nor realistic.' The Ambassador praised the record of the Republic of China in the United Nations and stated that the had looked forward to the continued advice and counsel of the Republic of China in the organization. He cited as of special significance the closeness with which the two governments had worked in the last few months on the United Nations issue and said that the spirit of close cooperation so gained would not be lost.
"Ambassador McConaughy took the occasion to assure President Chiang that nothing has happened in the United Nations which will in any way affect the ties between the two countries. He specified the fact that the defense commitment of the to the Republic of China was in no way affected by recent developments.
"The Ambassador also expressed the confidence of the in the future of , noting in particular its 'dynamic and growing economy.' The looks forward to close future bilateral relations with the Republic of China in a wide variety of fields, he added.
"At the conclusion of his oral presentation to President Chiang, Ambassador McConaughy stated to the President that he had been instructed to inform President Chiang that the views he bad just presented reflected those of the highest government levels."
The first round of the General Assembly contest had been encouraging for the effort to defend the seat of the Republic of China. moved to prevent debate of the resolutions. This was defeated on September 24 by a vote of 65 to 47 with 15 abstentions. While endorsing efforts to protect the free Chinese membership, the government of the Republic of China remained steadfastly on record as opposing "two Chinas."
warned, in a policy statement to the Assembly by former Foreign Minister Kiichi Aichi, head of his country's delegation, that the expulsion of the Republic of China would upset the international balance and increase tensions. He called for support of the resolutions, of which was co-sponsor.
In another Assembly speech, 's Foreign Minister Mario Gibson Barboza said the seating of Red China wodd be a display of power politics inconsistent with the purposes of peace and justice. He called the Communist campaign for "a modern version of realpolitik, a term which brings to mind less than happy memories."
Three dozen members of the U.S. Congress, led by Senator James Buckley of and Representatives Floyd Spence of and Joe D. Waggonner Jr. of , went on record in support of a statement that if Red China were admitted to the United Nations, the government should drop its support of the world organization. The backers subsequently rose to 21 Senators and 33 members of the House.
On October 2, the , and combined in a statement supporting continued membership of the Republic of China.
U.S. Secretary of State William Rogers told the Assembly that it should not expel the of China and added that the "path of expulsion is perilous." Speaking on October 4, he said: "It is ironic that just as the sentiment for universality is growing, many of those who have long extolled it now seek to violate it."
Representative Samuel S. Stratton of , in a speech made October 4, said the should use its veto power to keep the Republic of China in the Security Council in the event of free 's expulsion from the General Assembly.
Representative Bob Sikes of said more than 300 members of the Congress had signed a petition opposing expulsion of the Republic of China from the United Nations. Senator Barry Goldwater of said admission of Red China would pave the way for the seating of , and . This, he added, would turn the United Nations into "a convenient and dangerous sounding board for international Communism."
On October 8, 'Philippines Foreign Secretary Carlos Romulo said should enter the United Nations on the organization's terms and not on conditions "it apparently seeks to impose."
Foreign Minister Chow Shu-kai made the Republic of China's policy speech to the General Assembly the same day. He said that the Chinese Communists represented a "transient tyranny" which would pass away. Only about 2 per cent of the mainland population were Communist Party members, he said, and the loyalty of 8.5 million of these was in doubt.
Speaking on October 10, Secretary Rogers said the Nixon administration had not threatened to cut off U.N. funds if the Republic of China was expelled, but said that appropriations would be more difficult to get from Congress in such an eventuality. Mayor Sam Yorty of , a recent visitor to , said the should take an "unequivocal stand" in defense of the ROC's seat. He said, "The stand should be strong enough to ensure that the proposed Communist expulsion of cannot take place if they want the to be in the United Nations."
Senator Buckley said that at least 21 Senators would seek drastic reduction of the financial contribution to the United Nations in the event of ROC expulsion. Senator Robert Taft Jr. of conferred with U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. George Bush and said afterward he still agreed with Buckley on the threat of a cut.
On October 12, Secretary Rogers said ROC expulsion would open the way for the ouster of at least 10 other U.N. members and for challenges with regard to the legality of past Security Council actions.
President Nixon received on October petition from 336 members of the U.S. House of Representatives (with membership of 435) supporting the Republic of China.
On October 15, the Committee of One Million accused the three major television network of refusing to sell time for broadcast of a film opposing the admission of to the United Nations. A complaint was filed with the Federal Communications Commission.
Ambassador George Bush told the Assembly October 18 that the did not agree with predictions that would refuse a U.N. seat if the ROC remained in the international organization. renewed insistence that the Chinese Communists would not accept a "two Chinas" compromise.
Debate on representation opened October 13. The New York Times, which had strongly supported membership, said the expulsion of the Republic of China would be "perilous."
Speaking for the Republic of China, Minister Chow Shu-kai said that success of the Albanian resolution "would mark the beginning of the end of the United Nations as an instrument of international peace and security based on law and justice." He contrasted life in with conditions on the Chinese mainland, and said the Chinese Communists represented "a massive and brutal threat to the independence and freedom" of countries in vulnerable parts of the world.
announced on October 21 that it would vote against the on representation. In the past, the British had supported requirement of a two-thirds majority for any change.
Members of the World Anti-Communist League began a three-day fast against Red Chinese admittance to the United Nations on October 23. They set up two tents in the square across from U.N. headquarters.
Ambassador George Bush said ROC expulsion would be a "travesty" on justice. The Senate Republican leader, Hugh Scott, and Republican House leader, Gerald Ford, said Congress might cut financial support if the Chinese Communists were seated and the Republic of China expelled.
A Committee to Keep the Republic of China in the United Nations was organized October 22 with Professor Frank Trager and publisher William White as co-chairmen. Other members included Mrs. Clare Boothe Luce and Henry Cabot Lodge.
representation came to a vote the evening of October 25. The vote against the U.S. resolution to consider the expulsion of the Republic of China as an important question requiring a two-thirds majority lost by a vote of favor, 59 against, 15 abstentions and 2 absentees. The Albanian resolution to scat and expel the Republic of China then was carried by a vote of favor, 35 against, 17 abstentions and 3 absentees.
Ambassador Bush charged that some voting commitments were not kept. U.N. sources said five countries had promised to vote for the two-thirds resolution but failed to do so. They were identified as , an absentee, and , , and , which abstained. Also damaging were 's decision to vote against the two-thirds resolution instead of abstaining and 's decision to abstain instead of voting affirmatively. recognized a few hours after the voting.
Ironically, as the ballots were being cast, the Chinese Communists - still branded as an aggressor by the United Nations - was celebrating the 21st anniversary of their entry into the Korean War against U.N. Command forces. Chinese Communist "volunteers" crossed the into - on October 26, 1950, and then fought the UNC to a standstill and emerged from the conflict with a stalemate. Decision of the General Assembly did not immediately affect ROC membership in U.N. agencies. Ambassador to the U.N. Liu Chieh said the Republic of would retain membership in such agencies "because they are independent - some existed long before the U.N. - and all have different constitutions and serve different purposes."
The said it was looking into continuation of ROC membership in U.N.-affiliated organizations. The State Department noted that such non-U.N. members as and are members of such groups.
The UNESCO executive board, meeting in , voted to recognize Peiping as "the only legitimate representative of ." The vote was 25 to 2 with 5 abstentions. The and took the position that only the UNESCO general conference could make such a decision.
The United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East said Peiping has been invited to "' attend the next annual meeting in in March of 1972.
In , the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party) met in special session and adopted a 15-point resolution on the conduct of domestic and international affairs. The program to strengthen government and nation came after a report by Vice President and Premier Yen Chia-kan. President and Madame Chiang Kai-shek attended a luncheon given for the 700 members attending the meeting. The chief executive urged the party not to waver in the face of temporary international adversity.
Vice President Yen said there would be no relaxation of diplomatic endeavors as a result of U.N. withdrawal. "\\'e will befriend all non-Communist nations," he said, even those which failed to support the ROC in the U.N. voting." He urged economic and technical cooperation and cultural exchange. .
Parliamentary, social and civic bodies of the Republic of China and overseas Chinese communities joined in denouncing the General Assembly action.
Returning from , Foreign Minister Chow said the vote was no surprise to the Republic of China. He said that the American people were angry about the U.N. result, and "We don't have to worry about friendship in Asia, Africa, Latin America and . Some of the countries which voted for the Albanian resolution felt ashamed of themselves."
Ambassador James Shen said in the that the Republic of China was not thinking of applying for readmittance to the U.N.
Senator Buckley moved to cut U.N. funds from a foreign aid appropriation. The Senate rejected the amendment but subsequently voted against the whole aid bill despite strong objections from the Nixon administration.
The Senate also blocked repeal of a 1955 resolution authorizing armed intervention to protect Taiwan from an invasion from the Chinese mainland. The State Department said was already protected by the Sino-American mutual assistance treaty, but the Senate apparently wanted to maintain a double assurance. Senators James Buckley and William Brock said repeal would be an invitation to Communist invasion from the mainland.
White House Press Secretary Ronald Ziegler said President Nixon was shocked by the "undisguised glee and personal animosity" of U.N. delegates in celebrating seating of Peiping, ouster of the Republic of China and defeat of the . He said that such conduct "could seriously impair the support in the Congress and the country for the United Nations."
Ambassador Bush described the reaction of some U.N. delegates as that of "hatred" rather than "glee." Debating the U.N. outcome with Loh I-cheng, chief information officer of the ROC Embassy in the , Bush said the trip to Peiping of Henry Kissinger, national security adviser to President Nixon, was not the determining factor in the voting. Loh said the change in policy represented a “180 degree turn.”
Vice President Spiro Agnew said the United Nations had become a paper tiger and "propaganda sounding board for the left." California Governor Ronald Reagan said the" had been doublecrossed in the U.N. and that if the Nixon administration didn't show indignation, the American people "are going to be very angry indeed." The flag of the Peiping regime was burned outside the in .
Wu Yuan-Ii, former U.S. assistant secretary of defense, told Congress the United States should increase 7th Fleet patrolling of the Taiwan Straits to enhance the credibility of its pledges to honor the defense treaty with the Republic of China.
Prime Minister Eisaku Sato said Japan would not abrogate the 1953 peace treaty with the Republic of China, although the Japanese government now recognizes Peiping's hold on the mainland. Tsutomu Wada, spokesman of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said was trying to sort out "confusing" relations with and .
Reactions of regret at the· U.N. decision came from the , , , the and other countries. Prime Minister William McMahon said would take no immediate steps to recognize .
Takeshi Watanabe, president of the Asian Development Bank, pledged that loans to the Republic of China would not be interrupted. ADB, he said, had no plans to seek: Chinese Communist participation or the expulsion of the ROC.
Editorial opinion on the Republic of China's U.N. withdrawal forecast a weakened international organization and expressed optimism about 's future.
The Chung Yang Jih Pao (Central Daily News) said: "Every page in our revolutionary history of the last 60 years tells how we fought alone and overcame all sorts of difficulties. The present world situation is merely another trial. Adoption of the Albanian resolution by the United Nations will serve as a goad and encouragement in our great and noble task of recovering the mainland and delivering our compatriots from the Chinese Communist yoke."
The Shin Sheng Pao (New Life Daily News) said: "The world organization is on the verge of destruction. We are the masters of our fate. With our economic and military strength, the loyal support of the 15 million people in and the 19 million overseas Chinese, we will continue to grow stronger and eventually topple the regime."
The China Post said: "The U.N. has long proved its inefficiency as an organization for the promotion of international peace and justice. Now, with admission of the regime, it will become even less suited to performance of the functions listed in the Charter. We can easily visualize what disorderly scenes will be witnessed in the U.N. in the future and how much more helpless the world body will be in coping with international disputes. The admission of shows the U.N. has no respect for its own Charter. It is obvious that the U.N. is blind to the widespread infiltration and subversive activities being carried on by the Chinese Communists in all parts of the world. In what way, indeed, is the regime qualified for U.N. membership? Did those delegates who voted for 's admission take this question into consideration?"
The Chung Kuo Shih Pao (China Times) said: "President Nixon's new policy was to admit to the United Nations without ousting the Republic of China. This weak policy gave and other pro-Mao countries their chance for victory. We are not surprised at the result. What we fight for are morals and principle. The loss of representation at the United Nations cannot defeat us. We will be calm in entering upon a new period. We may meet difficulties and setbacks but our fate is in our own hands."
The Chung Hua Jih Pao (China Daily News) said: "The U.N. result was expected. The Americans lost their way. We have no doubt that many Senators and the American people tried to protect our seat at the United Nations. We appreciate that. But President Nixon and Henry Kissinger hurt the Republic of China and have brought trouble to their own country. They will find this out after goes to the United Nations. We quit the United Nations to maintain our principles but we didn't walk out of international affairs. We shall strengthen our relationships with other nations and work for world peace."
The Lien Ho Pao (United Daily News) said: "Now that the Chinese Communists have a seat in the United Nations, they will set up a beachhead of infiltration and subversion and extend political aggression to the . The Republic of China's position of opposing the Communists will not change. The Americans should continue to cooperate with the Republic of China for the security of and their own country."
The China News published a series of editorials on the U.N. and free 's future. These are excerpts:
October 27 - "One battle is not a war. What happened at the United Nations was discouraging but not surprising.
"President Chiang Kai-shek has repeatedly counseled the nation to be prepared for difficult times. The winds of appeasement which blew down New York's East River and through the House of Glass did not reach gale force suddenly; they have been building up for a long time.
"The President has pointed out the proper direction for this country and the free Chinese people. To remain calm is the first requirement. To continue to perform our duties with increased dedication is the second.
"This country left the United Nations with no smallest smudge on its escutcheon. We signed the Charter and we strove for justice and peace through a membership of 26 years.
"Our record is a proud one and our expulsion was in flagrant disregard of the Charter.
"That is no help, however, when a majority of the members of an organization decide to throw out their own rules in favor of expediency.
"U.S. Ambassador George Bush said the United Nations had embarked upon a perilous course. That is an understatement.
"The Chinese Commmunists are pledged to remake the United Nations in their own image or destroy the organization. The twilight of the U.N. has begun with appeasement as surely as did the decline of the .
"As things stand, the U.N. doesn't mean very much. We can do without it. This does not mean, however, that the Republic of China invites international isolation. We shall need to fight harder to maintain our diplomatic establishments and rightful place in the world.
"As President Chiang has said, this country and its free people have only begun to fight. Victory will go not to those who have shot their way into the United Nations but to those who hold the hearts of the Chinese people."
October 28 - "As it looks from Taipei, the United States compromised its position in too many ways: Two Chinas, agreement to give the Security Council seat to Red China, efforts to relax tensions and the announcement of President Nixon's plans to visit Peiping.
"Then Henry Kissinger made a second and overt trip to mainland at the very moment of the U.N. debate. This could have been a last straw for some of those who had agreed to help impose requirement of a two-thirds majority for expulsion of the Republic of China. Possibly they no longer believed in the sincerity of the American proposals.
" had announced it would not go to the United Nations so long as the Republic of China remained there. How was this to be reconciled with insistence on two Chinas and Kissinger's presence in -both at one and the same time? Historians will have to evaluate the performance of the ."
October 29 - "The United Nations is going to have a hard time in the halls of Congress and with the American people.
"Secretary of State William Rogers and the Nixon administration have expressed continued support of the United Nations.
"To what purpose? The only one we can think of is to give the Chinese Communists a platform for propaganda and a base for infiltration and subversion in the .
"All pretense of idealism and even legality were stripped from the United Nations with the expulsion of the Republic of China. If anything worth preserving remains, it will be destroyed quickly enough when Peiping's delegation gets to .
"Some of our people who should know better arc Whispering that the will rush into recognition of the Chinese Communists in the wake of President Nixon's visit to .
"That is balderdash. If the chief executive did so, he would be signing a ticket of defeat in next year's election. The American people can be sold on a trip to Peiping to relax tensions but not on a repetition of the U.N. debacle with the as the perpetrator.
"The Chinese Communist price for rapprochement with the has already been announced. It includes pullout from and the to open the way for a Chinese Communist attack on this island.
"Aside from requirements of the Sino-American mutual assistance treaty, does anyone in his right mind suppose the wants the Chinese Communists camped on this island? Do the Japanese or South Koreans or South Vietnamese or Filipinos favor such an eventuality?"
October 30 - "Nixon administration leaders maintain that the Kissinger visit to had nothing to do with outcome of the United Nations vote. Some of the U.N. delegates who voted against the Republic of China and for the Chinese Communists have a different view.
"President Nixon may be sincere in his two Chinas policy. Despite occasional deviousness, he is basically a simple man who tends to take an over-Americanized view of world affairs. Two Chinas was impossible from the beginning. 30th the Republic of China and the Chinese Communists rejected the formula and still do.
"The strategy could have worked only as a means of appearing to put in the U.N. while actually keeping it out. Nixon was not content with that. He wanted to implement two Chinas not only in the United Nations but also in American relations with the Republic of China and .
"A number of countries chose to believe that the had its heart in and not in defense of the Republic of China's seat at the United Nations. President Nixon cannot put the Republic of China back in the United Nations. He can put the firmly behind the Republic of China and stop edging toward a disastrous liason with the Chinese Communists."
November 2 - "Government and people are in favor of the diplomatic offensive recommended by the Kuomintang. The problem is to move from generalities to specifics. Three points are now obvious:
"First, many free world countries believe the Chinese Communists are in effective permanent control of the mainland.
"Second, they do not expect the mainland return d the Republic of China in the foreseeable future.
"Third, they think the cause of peace will be better served by bringing the Chinese Communists into the U.N. and establishing bilateral relationships.
"These views tend to be pro-Peiping or those of so-called realism rather than . Most countries which have changed recognition remain our friends in economic, social and cultural matters.
"We ourselves must be realistic - first, in assessing the situation, and second, in shaping and carrying out measures to protect the Republic of China's position.
"The diplomatic offensive will have to be conducted in accordance with the convictions and needs of each separate country.
"For example, the program of agricultural technical assistance has greatly fortified the ROC position In Africa. In its pressing need for development, will respond to aid in various forms.
" will respond to a more active diplomacy, increased interest in trade and more attention to social and cultural exchange.
"Highest priority of all has to be given the maintenance of our diplomatic relations with and the and our military alliance with the latter. This calls for massive enlargement of the contacts with the leaders of the two countries and especially with leaders who may soon be in power but who heretofore have not been favorably disposed, toward the policies of the Republic of China.
"On another level, states which have leaped into the arms of for one reason or another may not be ignored or forgotten. Some of these countries will welcome information and cultural approaches or increases in trade personnel. We have been tardy in establishing separate offices which can survive to do good work in the event diplomatic relations are severed."
November 3 - "ln the long run, the Communists cannot win a trade war against this island. The foreign trade of for this year will be very close to that of the mainland. David can stand up to and defeat Goliath.
"Red China is going to be the biggest trade bust in history for the Japanese, the Americans and others who think they are going to get rich selling 'oil for the lamps of .'
"Most of the more than 700 million people of the mainland cannot afford oil. They must go to bed with the setting sun.
"Nor can they buy much of anything else.
"The battle is going to develop swiftly. To minimize damage to the economy in the initial skirmishing, the troops of trade should be deployed now. Procrastination can only result in painful, even if not fatal wounds.
"Chinese Communists cannot vanquish our free industry and trade over a period of several years, but we could be hurt. eyes must not be closed to the intention of the enemy to destroy us economically because they are not able to do so militarily."
November 4 - "President Chiang Kai-shek has received from Ambassador Walter McConaughy a statement reflecting the view of highest government levels. These assurances are welcome. Nevertheless, President Nixon has not spoken out on the subject of the Republic of China since the U.N. vote.
"The president of the is an old friend and the chief executive of our principal ally. With U.N. membership gone, is the Republic of China so unimportant that President Nixon can personally ignore one of the gravest injustices of this century?
"President Nixon owes us explanation as well as reassurance. Government and people are combatting the rumormongers' efforts to destroy trust and confidence in the . It would be nice to have some help from our American friends."